Emissions Accounting and Scope
What is Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions?
Scope 1: Direct emissions (e.g. fuel combustion)
Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy
Scope 3: All other indirect emissions in the value chain
Sentinel Earth supports companies in measuring all three scopes and insetting or offsetting strategically across their value chain.
What are residual emissions?
Residual emissions are those that cannot be feasibly reduced and must be neutralized via carbon removal.
Sentinel Earth helps companies define and plan for residuals as part of science-based net-zero strategies.
What is lifecycle emissions accounting?
This method measures emissions across a product or service’s full lifecycle — including raw materials, production, use, and disposal.
Sentinel Earth supports full value chain assessments aligned with GHG Protocol.
What is Carbon Accounting?
Carbon accounting is the systematic process of quantifying, tracking, and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and removals across operations, supply chains, and products to manage climate impact and meet disclosure requirements.
Sentinel Earth supports organizations in establishing robust carbon accounting systems aligned with the GHG Protocol, preparing them to procure high-quality carbon credits that address residual emissions.
What is Direct Emissions?
Direct emissions (Scope 1) are greenhouse gas emissions from sources owned or directly controlled by an organization, including fossil fuel combustion in owned vehicles and facilities, industrial processes, and fugitive emissions.
Sentinel Earth helps organizations measure direct emissions accurately and identify reduction opportunities, then procure high-quality carbon credits to address residual emissions that cannot be eliminated through operational changes.
What is Indirect Emissions?
Indirect emissions include greenhouse gases from purchased electricity, heat, and steam (Scope 2) and all other emissions throughout the value chain from suppliers, transportation, product use, and disposal (Scope 3).
Sentinel Earth helps organizations quantify indirect emissions across Scopes 2 and 3, then develop procurement strategies that combine operational improvements, supplier engagement, and strategic use of high-quality carbon credits.
What is Emission Factor?
An emission factor is a coefficient that converts activity data, such as liters of fuel consumed or kilometers traveled, into estimated greenhouse gas emissions, expressed as tonnes of CO₂e per unit of activity.
Sentinel Earth applies standardized emission factors in carbon accounting and project baseline development, ensuring consistency with IPCC guidelines, GHG Protocol, and registry requirements for transparent quantification.
What is Carbon Intensity?
Carbon intensity measures greenhouse gas emissions per unit of activity, output, or revenue, such as tonnes of CO₂e per megawatt-hour of electricity or per unit of product, enabling performance comparison and reduction tracking over time.
Sentinel Earth helps organizations measure and reduce carbon intensity across operations and supply chains, identifying opportunities for operational improvements and strategic carbon credit procurement.
What is Corporate Carbon Footprint?
A corporate carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions from a company's operations and value chain, encompassing direct emissions (Scope 1), purchased energy (Scope 2), and upstream and downstream activities (Scope 3).
Sentinel Earth helps organizations measure and disclose corporate carbon footprints according to GHG Protocol standards, then develop strategies combining internal reductions with high-quality carbon credit procurement.
What is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)?
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product or service throughout its entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction through manufacturing, use, and end-of-life disposal or recycling.
Sentinel Earth helps organizations conduct product-level carbon footprinting using LCA principles, identifying hotspots in value chains and opportunities for both emission reductions and carbon credit integration.